The Natural and Beautiful Tension Between Innovation and Standards

On the one hand, standards can drive an entire industry forward on a common basis and offer market economies of scale. Where would we be without common standards on the web or agreed audio andvideo standards or dedicated slices of spectrum that can be used globally with our mobile phones?

Standards are like four lane motorways down which lots of users can drive and benefit. Of course, before that motorway is built, someone has to do the initial trailblazing. But after the motorway is built, how do we keep innovation thriving and leverage an existing foundation to develop a new generation of standards from which we can all benefit? How do we find the balance between, on the one hand, stability and, on the other hand, constant innovation?

The answer may be found in a 45 year old biological theory that may offer a paradigm helping us to understand the symbiotic interplay of standards and innovation. The theories are from the biologist Stuart Kauffman who has studied the origin of life and behaviour of molecular self-organization. Kauffman argues that complex systems spontaneously self-organize into entities that are far more than the sum of their parts (which is also a key topic in the emerging discipline of network science).

Specifically, Kaufman argues that biological and other types of networks tend to both self-organize and attempt to expand into what he calls “the adjacent possible” to increase the diversity of what can happen next. He notes that if they try to expand too fast, they destroy their own internal organization. And if they try too slowly, they fail to adapt. In other words, there may be a natural law that this expansion happens only as fast as they can get away with it.

How does this relate to standards? Well, if Kaufmann’s law of the adjacent possible is a reasonable paradigm to accept, it makes it easier to understand that there can be little innovation without standards nor can there be standards without innovation. Standards and innovation are intertwined in a symbiotic relationship. The trick is figuring out how to innovateas fast as we can get away with it.

On that topic, the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) recently  created a Focus Group entitled Bridging the Gap: From Innovation to Standards. I’m sure they’ll be exploring some of these issues at their first meeting to be held 19-21 March 2012 at ITU. The meeting includes a workshop on ICT Innovations, particularly as it relates to what is happening in developing countries. It’s an open workshop so do consider participating and hear about some of the amazing innovations taking place in developing countries in the ICT space.

Google Offers Encyclopedia Entries in Search Results

Recent update places results pulled from the company’s Knowledge Graph under small popup panels next to search results. Knowledge Graph is Goggle’s database which contains encyclopedia entries on over 570 million concepts, relationships, facts and figures.

Google’s software engineers announced they strive to help users learn more about the websites they see in search results, and therefore now everyone can see more information about them directly on the results page. You can access the panels through a small clickable link located on the 2nd line of applicable search results.

Although Google believes this update is likely to enhance search for users, it can cause problems for those website owners who appear in search results with the added data panels. The matter is that such popup will add up to 3 more links to the search result which don’t lead to your website. In case this becomes a popular feature with the Internet users, it could lead some to click away from the actual site that is included in the initial search results.

Nevertheless, Google has already started this small trial, and is planning to continue expanding the number of websites which bring search results with Knowledge Graph entries included. The latest update is based on the largest change to the search algorithm the company had made in 3 years (“Hummingbird”). The latter focused on Knowledge Graph and natural language interpretation to make the core search better at answering longer, more complex and spoken queries.

US Accused Russia of Spying

After it became known that the United States has been spying on everyone in the world, it looks like the country feels the need to warn the world that the Russians are doing the same thing. One of the American cyber security companies said that it has collected evidence that the Russian government spied on American, European and Asian companies.

This is the first time Russia has been linked to cyber attacks for alleged economic gains. Maybe they finally run out of money with their Sochi Olympics? Cybersecurity experts made a statement that the victims of Russian spying included energy and technology companies, some of which have lost valuable intellectual property. The experts claimed that the cyber attacks have been motivated by the Russian government’s interest in helping domestic industries in key areas of national importance.

Actually, governments have been electronically spying on each other for over three decades under surveillance programs conducted by almost every nation. But it is only in the last ten years that some countries have started using online espionage for gaining information to help promote their own economic interests.

The US cyber security firm pointed out that the snooping has been carried out by Russian group of hackers known as “Energetic Bear” for 2 years already. The experts think that it is the Russian government behind the campaign, due to some technical indicators and analysis of the targets chosen and the information stolen. They admitted that the Russians copied the Chinese play book, as cyber espionage is very lucrative for economic benefit to a country.

Almost 1/3 of the World Care about Online Privacy

This significant uptake in anonymity tools must be explained by the gathering crisis of trust around consumer online services along with the fallout from Edward Snowden’s revelations. Netizens continue their battle with censorship and efforts to assert their right to web privacy.

56% of Internet users around the world feel that the worldwide web is eroding their personal privacy, with 415 million people or 28% of the entire online population using privacy tools to disguise their identity or location. 11% of Internet users prefer Tor, recognized as the most high profile for anonymizing access to the web. It means that Tor could be regularly used by over 45 million people, mostly in Indonesia (21% of users), Vietnam (18%) and India (15%).

By the way, Indonesia showed the highest penetration of general anonymity instruments among its citizens: 42% of them use proxy servers or VPNs. They are followed by 34% of the Chinese, hiding from 2 million of “Internet analysts” hired by the local government to block “inappropriate” content. 60% of people using VPN or proxies say they want to access YouTube, and 55% say they want to access Facebook and Twitter. This means that China’s Facebook and Twitter userbase could be much larger than first thought. For example, China’s VPN-using audience alone could account for 160 million people, most of whom are incorrectly identified as located somewhere in the US. In the meantime, the location of IP address is normally used to deliver relevant regional advertising and offer version of the site in the local language.

VPN is used by 38% of the online population in Vietnam, 36% in Brazil and Thailand, 34% in Mexico, India and China, 32% in the UAE and Argentina, 17% in the US, UK, Germany and Ireland, and 5% in Japan.

It should also be noted that the recent research underscores the shift from text messaging to mobile messaging clients like WeChat, with 20% of its users being in China. Facebook remains the most popular social network with 1.1 billion active users, and the company’s $1bn acquisition of Instagram proved a sound bet. The most common activity on Facebook includes sharing content, instant messaging and comments. Finally, MySpace languishes at the bottom of the charts, because it hasn’t integrated sharing with other networks.

Speech Recognition Feature in Chrome Exploited by Spies

Cyber attackers have found a way to use the speech recognition feature in Chrome to spy on ordinary users of the worldwide web. They managed to switch on a microphone using bugs in the Google Chrome browser. The exploit was discovered by one of the developers, who found it when working on a popular JavaScript Speech Recognition library. This allowed the developer to find many bugs in the browser and to come up with an exploit which combines all.

The developer was quick to report the exploit to Google’s security team in private back in September 2013. In less than a week, Google’s engineers have found the bugs, suggested fixes, and in the next five days a patch was ready. By the way, the developer’s find was nominated for Chromium’s Reward Panel.

The strange thing was that as time passed, the fix wasn’t released. When asked why, Google’s team answered that there was an ongoing discussion within the Standards group, to agree on the best course of action. In other words, the company couldn’t decide what to do, though there were not many options.

It’s 2014 already, but Google is still waiting for the Standards group to agree on the correct behavior, while leaving Chrome browser vulnerable. Indeed, all it takes is a user to visit a website exploiting speech recognition to offer some interesting new functionality.